Don't be afraid to walk away from a deal. Unless you are broke, avoiding a bad deal, cheap labor, or a shady client may be well worth it soon after. Trust your instincts because you are working with many new people and you depend on their money to pay your living costs. Getting cheated on a deal is the worst, so having a contract and asking for a deposit is a nice way to weed out who is serious about working with you.
Start yourself out at a sustainable living wage. Have a sense of how long it takes you to complete different types / stages of work so your bid is correct. Raise your prices as your portfolio grows stronger and you gain more experience.
The first year will be the hardest, but if you keep at it your business will grow.
Start a business bank account and put away 10% for savings and 10% - 15% for taxes. It seems like a lot but you are building a financial foundation, which is one of the real perks of owning your own business. This will allow greater flexibility and freedom with your scheduling as you grow.
General rule of thumb, be aware of opportunities in your daily life. EX: You are in a cafe and overhear someone talking about hiring an artist. Approach them with business card. Once you start thinking creatively about how to find work you will start to land interesting opportunities.
You have to think like a shark in a big sea of work. All the little fishies are jobs, so you need to keep eating (think about turn around time to complete each job). As you build your client base you will start to get bigger fish and sometimes a large whale to feed on for months.
Deviant Art
Freelancer.com
Kickstarter (Search companies / projects to contact, you never know who is in need of additional artists)
Gamasutra
Boardgamegeek
NewGrounds
The Game Crafter
Wikipedia (Search engine listings for different industries. Contact developers directly to submit a portfolio)
These are a few sites to get started. There are many out there so keep searching.
Basically start applying to as many jobs as possible and research the people offering the work. If you have no work then your job is to put in as much time as you can to find work. You will message and email a ton. If you can't find a new listing for work any given day then make it a point to research and find 1 new job stream site or source that day.
It is important to read each posting well. Don't get yourself eliminated from the listing just because you missed instructions. Don't spam. Stay short with your reply and include a portfolio / relevant pieces, contact info.
Look at school programs in your area to see if they have a game/film/arts program. Sometimes the teachers at that school are working on projects that have funding or at least industry relevant experience. A good opportunity to get your foot in the door and get paid sometimes. This experience goes along way when trying to land bigger clients.
Conventions are also another great resource to get portfolio reviews, network, and potentially land work.
Generally if you do good, consistent work and are a nice person to work with you will start to get repeating clients. Treat them like gold! This is when full time work really kicks in as your schedule will fill up over time. Be careful about overlapping jobs and time frames when taking on new work. Having too much work in que spreads you thin and may cause you to miss deadlines. This is why steady turn around is so vital.
Spend time researching for the industry you want to work in. There are many sites that accept artist submissions so reaching out is never bad. Don't limit yourself to only internet searches though.
D. How Much Do I Charge?
This is a combination of many things revolving your skill sets, perceived worth and actual worth in the market. What part of the world you live in affects your costs as well so adjust accordingly.
First you must calculate your monthly living costs and break down a 40 hour week. How much do you need to get by? This will help with the taxes you have to take out if you start making enough money.
Based on my experience $10 - $25 / an hour USD are mainly indie rates. $30 - $50 with some experience and $60 + for pros.
Once you know your base hourly rate you can then adjust that to how long it can take you to complete any given image (this becomes easier with experience).
Artist Bio: I have been working as a full time freelance illustrator and concept artist for almost 2 years now, working in film, games, and publishing. I still have a fresh feel for the transition from student to professional and what it takes. Feel free to to check out any of my links.
joshcalloway.blogspot.com/
www.facebook.com/joshua.callow…
ninjacart.darkfolio.com/
Feel free to ask any relevant questions below.